STRESSING the Constitutional guarantees to the people’s right to peaceably assemble and petition for redress of grievances, the Supreme Court today ruled that the Arroyo government’s Calibrated Preemptive Response policy is unconstitutional.

“The so-called calibrated preemptive response policy has no place in our legal firmament and must be struck down as a darkness that shrouds freedom,” the high tribunal ruled.

CPR bans rallies without permits and authorizes government’s agents to respond to such assemblies accordingly.

Voting 13-0 on the decision penned by Associate Justice Adolfo Azcuna, the Court ordered the government to stop using the CPR policy and “strictly observe the requirements of maximum tolerance.” (Two of the 15 justices are on leave.)

Presidential chief of staff Michael Defensor has been quoted to have said the Palace does not see the ruling as “a total setback.”

The Supreme Court’s decision on CPR follows its April 20 ruling that partially voided EO 464, which clipped Congressional powers by prohibiting senior executive and military officials from appearing in Congress without the president’s permission.

The CPR policy was announced by Malacañang in September last year, following anti-government protests that began as the Gloriagate controversy broke out (here and here) and continuing amid the Congressional hearings on impeachment charges against the President. The impeachment charges were killed in the first week of September.

In a statement on September 21, Executive Secretary Eduardo Ermita said, “The rule of calibrated preemptive response is now in force, in lieu of maximum tolerance.” He said the government “will not stand aside while those with ill intent are herding a witting or unwitting mass of people and inciting them into actions that are inimical to public order.” (Read Ermita’s full statement from ops.gov.ph, or Google’s cached page.)

Mrs. Arroyo quickly followed the announcement with a tough-talking speech the day after, telling local leaders in her bailiwick in Central Luzon that she was “tired of chasing the bully in the schoolyard” and that the “rule of law” must prevail. (Click here for ops.gov.ph, or here for Google’s cache.)

Following the CPR announcement, anti-government rallies were dispersed, some of them violently (here and here); march leaders were also arrested.

The policy quickly became the subject of criticisms (here and here), but was just as quickly defended by the Palace.

The Supreme Court ruled today that such a policy as the CPR, if it would be used in lieu of maximum tolerance, is null and void.

The decision noted that Secretary Ermita himself, in a submission to the Court, said CPR was merely a “catchword.” Ermita told the Court that CPR was not intended to replace Batas Pambansa 880 and the maximum tolerance policy embodied in that law.

The Supreme Court, in this same ruling, sustained the constitutionality of BP 880. The law, the Court said, “is for the benefit of the rallyists, not the government.”

The petitioners had also asked for the Court’s opinion on BP 880, questioning specific provisions in the law which they said were unconstitutional.

The Supreme Court also instructed the Department of the Interior and Local Government to strictly implement Section 15 of BP 880.

Section 15 reads:

Every city and municipality in the country shall within six months after the effectivity of this Act establish or designate at least one suitable “freedom park” or mall in their respective jurisdictions which, as far as practicable, shall be centrally located within the poblacion where demonstrations and meetings may be held at any time without the need of any prior permit.

In the cities and municipalities of Metropolitan Manila, the respective mayors shall establish the freedom parks within the period of six months from the effectivity this Act.

The Court gave local governments 30 days to designate specific freedom parks in their jurisdictions. “In this Decision, the Court goes even one step further in safeguarding liberty,” said the ruling.

If, after the deadline, no such parks are identified, all public parks and plazas of the municipality or city shall be deemed freedom parks. No prior permit will then be required to use those areas for public assemblies.

The Supreme Court issued its ruling in resolution of three petitions concerning the CPR and BP 880. The three petitions were ordered consolidated on February 14, and oral arguments were held on April 4 after the respondents had submitted their comments.

The petitioners included groups like Bayan, Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas, Kilusang Mayo Uno, and Gabriela, as well as various individuals who alleged that their rights were violated as a result of the implementation of the CPR policy.

Read the Supreme Court’s full decision here.

66 Responses to CPR policy ‘unconstitutional’ — Supreme Court

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Chabeli

April 25th, 2006 at 6:36 pm

First the EO 464, then now, the CPR…Oh, I hope that this is just the beginning of better days ahead…Wala naman segurong kapalit–like the Cha-Cha and/or 1017 (i.e., State of Emergency)????? Still, IT IS TOO EARLY TO TELL WHETHER THE SUPREME COURT IS TRULY “FOR THE PEOPLE.” We must not heave a sigh of relief yet. Many must continue to wait in bated breath…just in case GMA and her cohorts hit us from left field. After all, the woman IS NASTY and TREACHEROUS!

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baycas

April 25th, 2006 at 6:48 pm

rule of law they insisted…but their own rule of law they implemented:

Constitutionally-infirm Policy on Rallies.

…another lesson in laws the SC gave to gloria and her legal eagles.

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jester-in-exile

April 25th, 2006 at 7:09 pm

“Presidential chief of staff Michael Defensor has been quoted to have said the Palace does NOT see the ruling as ‘a total setback.’ ”

when you hear “the situation is under control,” that means they’ve lost control
when you hear “it is not a serious situation,” that means they’re considering sterner measures
when you hear “the situation is fluid,” that means they’re panicking
when you hear “the situation is by no means irreversible,” that means they anticipate losing
when you hear “the situation is by no means lost,” it means they already have and are making ready to flee

malacañang has mastered the art of orwellian doublespeak. perhaps, “a minor inconvenience” would be appropriate, eh mike?

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jr_lad

April 25th, 2006 at 7:22 pm

strike two!! you are very right jester. expect an outburst from bunyeta just like what he did after the SC’s decision on eo 464.

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monk_x

April 25th, 2006 at 7:55 pm

The Supreme Court will also rule against the Arroyo administration on Proclamation 1017. While I am relieved with the way the Supreme Court ruled in the EO 464 and CPR cases, we should bear in mind that these acts are blatantly unconstitutional and in my view indefensible.

The decision that I am worried about is the one on Arroyo’s initiative to amend the Constitution. The Court’s decision in Santiago v. COMELEC is too precarious and there are too many vested interests backing the attempt to amend the Constitution. Unfortunately, many of the Justices have their own ideas about how to amend the Constitution and I am afraid that they will find a way to justify the administration’s efforts at “initiative.” After all this, President Arroyo may yet survive this crisis – as our new Prime Minister way after 2010.

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jr_lad

April 25th, 2006 at 8:06 pm

“RULE of LAW” must prevail! is gloria capable also of following what she’s preaching? maraming kasong haharapin etong CPR. like the canonization of guingona et al., BWM arrest in baywalk, randy david et al. arrest during edsa 1 celebration, liza hontiveros, etc.. dapat sampahan ng kaso ang gobyerno at ang mga pulis.
tama na naman ang sabi ni fr. Bernas about gloria’s legal adivisers. mga utak pulbura nga. lumilitaw na ang mga kapalpapakan ng mga eto. sa “the firm” ba galing ang mga eto? and speaking of “freedom parks”, is that an ultimatum from the SC to the LGU?

so, who’s vindicated on this issue? http://www.pcij.org/blog/?p=445

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noelet

April 25th, 2006 at 10:09 pm

i feel the report above by vinia is lacking on emphasis on the specifics of the no-rally-no-permit argument. in summary, the report discussed the recommendation regarding sec. 15 of BP 880 and the unconstitutionality of the CPR.

the high court clarifies’ these procedure to no-application-no-rally policy. that a mere application filed for 2days will serve as permit.

not all will read the full text of the courts decision.

the media, including pcij, should help put emphasis on that note. so that the people would know and so that the pnp and police would know that the people knows these constitutional police boundaries relating to freedom of speech and assembly.

as of this writing, pnp spokesperson pagdilao is already implying that they will still disperse no-permit rallies. I believe that statement is already an act of contempt for not adhering to or trying to confuse the official ruling of the high court.

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Juan Makabayan

April 25th, 2006 at 11:18 pm

Charter change is the central agenda of this admin. Many are anxious, uncertain about the status quo inspite of the SC’s rulings unfavorable to Malacanang.

Is the Supreme Court ‘in connivance’ with Malacanang on its cha-cha agenda?

Is this series of rulings part of a ‘calibrated judicial response’ to build up the SC’s badly needed credibility , it’s ammo for undertaking a ‘judicial coup’ upholding GMA’s charter change railroad whatever ‘track’ it takes to get it done?

Will the cha-cha train be given the green light, ‘the track is all clear’ signal by the SC just as unanimously as it has ruled on the preceding issues?

Will the cha-cha train reach its destination on time before the people, the church and the consciensitized soldiers get their acts together to rescue the constitution and the government from hijackers?

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Chabeli

April 25th, 2006 at 11:56 pm

Jester-in-exile,
I REALLY like your comments! Real cool and funny!
Thanks.

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ryebosco

April 26th, 2006 at 12:32 am

ALRIGHT!!!!!

So, will there be a mass protest on May 1st and a Guillotine in Luneta?

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tomas tinio

April 26th, 2006 at 1:38 am

The Court gave local governments 30 days to designate specific freedom parks in their jurisdictions. “In this Decision, the Court goes even one step further in safeguarding liberty,” said the ruling.

If, after the deadline, no such parks are identified, all public parks and plazas of the municipality or city shall be deemed freedom parks. No prior permit will then be required to use those areas for public assemblies.

I like this action of SC. I hope some local government officials and administrators are dumb enough to ignore the deadline.

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Cecile Impens

April 26th, 2006 at 3:01 am

What is exactly Michael Defensor mean in saying that the éPalace does not see the SC ruling a total setbak”! Did he mean that the “Palace is above the law”? Or just simply for Arroyo, CPR means CRUSH and PERSECUTE the RALLYSTS!

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ocayvalle

April 26th, 2006 at 3:09 am

i wish and pray,that with this decission that CPR being unconstitutional,let us all freedom loving,honest and good men women filipinos unite and oust this evil GMA and her evil cabals and minions in the goverment..this GMA and her evil group must be ousted the soonest and put in jail..and they GMA and her evil group be an example that in this world and in this country we loved the Philippines..they who commit crime..does not pay!!! Let us all unite and oust this liliputian dwarf pretending to be a giant.
no evil will triumph if we all good men and women will do our thing..
Oust this evil GMA and her evil group.now the soonest!!

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tongue in, anew

April 26th, 2006 at 5:00 am

I didn’t realize it has taken all six months to determine the constitutionality of CPR.

Jr_Lad, it was one of the more heated topics (p=445) in PCIJ, it was interesting to recall that one blogger got cornered by Baycas’ relentless pestering of him to reveal his identity which shame he avoided finally by permanently disappearing in PCIJ, or by changing his nick.

T. Tinio, some mayors are really dumb and will surely miss the deadline. Some smart guys, however, are expected to designate unpopulated areas as freedom parks. Will Atienza designate a dumpsite as one? Will EDSA-Ortigas be declared a freedom park?

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Summer_Love

April 26th, 2006 at 7:35 am

Really amazed what they have done to Sen. Jamby and Ex-Pres. Tito Guingona, as well as the runnung priest FR? and so with the security guard of Jamby and all those kasama sa rally na yon, puro sila mga basang sisiw on that rally just to step their foot in that historic freedom hall, Chino Roces Freedom Park. It was degrading on my part, as a woman looking on the pics and TV footages of Sen. Jamby, kamuntik nasiyang bold star sa rally na yon ah degrading us filipina women, with her status, so with VP Tito, wala ka bang utang na loob GMA??? i believe VP Tito your Ex-VP during your revolutionary government?binasa mo siya? basang sisiw talaga at napadegrading in his status. Who cannot forget his rolling and big eyes defending the country in the Impeachment Trial of the Century, the Estrada Impeachment Trial as well as his Loyalty support to you in order for you to be in power now. How can we forget all those basang sisiw, mga binogbog at pinagtitira sa mga public assembly? who cannot forget Ex-DSWD Dinky Soliman, your best friend?, just wearing her very beautiful Blackk & White T-shirt strolling in the public Roxas Blvd, then in the front page, hinuli na mga pulis mo??? very sad and now the latest Cong. Crispin Beltran, at that age? he can still commit rebellion?? History will repeat itself again with our situation,, Kudos to the Supreme Court Justices for throwing up CPR….. CPR from the very is start unconstitutional… kahit tanongin nyo lahat ng mga Pinoy, mula Aparri hanggang Jolo.

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Toro

April 26th, 2006 at 8:03 am

Chabeli said,

“First the EO 464, then now, the CPR…Oh, I hope that this is just the beginning of better days ahead…”

I’m glad to see your faith is renewed in the Supreme Court. I hope you will not regard it any more as a damaged institution.

I keep faith in the SC it is our last hope in protecting our constitutional rights, civil liberties and the rule of law. Just as I never doubted that it would strike down EO 464 and the CPR.

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joselu

April 26th, 2006 at 10:33 am

I think the latest two promulgations of the SC has been fair. I would like to beleave that we must not stop at just the titels of things as unconstitutional or not.
I would like to beleave that we must learn to read the fine print & try to understand what the SC is trying to tell us all.
It seems that the latest promulgation is simply trying to put so civility in our reckless democracy.
It seems to me the SC is just tring to remind us also of our obligations & trying to put so order in our democracy.
The SC is telling us that there is no absolute Power just like there are no absolute Rights.
I don’t think the SC is trying to be the “kakampi” of any side.
E.O. 464 has not been declared as unconstitutional. The SC has given guide lines on how to go about matters.As a result, The Palace & Congress are now in a dialogue. If there where really any winners then the Senate can rejoice, but they are not & are insted in a dialogue.
Remember, the SC has upheld The Presedents “executive previlage”.
The Senators have been elected as “Law Makers” & not as professional investigators that lead to a power struggle.
There are urgent Laws that have to be made. The Bio-fuel Law affects all of us & so are other urgent Laws that have a long term benifit for the country.
There is never enough time to do the things that have to be done.
Are we therefore consenting that “politicaly tainted” investigations take the place of crafting Laws be better?
Are we so obsesed w/ “political dramas” that do absolutly nothing to improve our lives? That make us only expectators while others continue to decide our destiny?
Yes, The SC has siad CPR is unconstitutional. The SC has also upheld PB 880 of no permit no rally.
The SC has also advised that Freedom parks be made available w/in 30 days.
Manila has two Freedom Parks, Plaza Miranda & Loton.
Will the demonstrators go to those places to express their grivance?
Since we always talk about the Rule of Law, will we then respect that as advised by the SC?
What are really the measures of the success of rallies? Is it by the degree of misery it can cause to those who just wanna have a life by causing traffic & inconvience?
Will Binay declare Ayala / Paseo de Rojas as a freedom park since there seems not to be a palce where ralliest can catch the attention of the others?
Our problem is not what the law is or the SC says.
Our problem is more about our attitudes.
Our problem is more of wanting to bend the law, look for loop holes & the penchant for testing the laws to their limit.
The Goverment/ Administration will always have the obligation of keeping peace & order in the streets against those who want anarchy. The SC has also said only those following the law can be protected by the Law.
The Goverment wil always use max tolerance.But the bottom line is there will always be PB 880 & rallies to be made in Freedom Parks.
The SC has spoken to all of us.
It’s up to us to listen.

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scud_1975

April 26th, 2006 at 10:48 am

Another good decision coming from SC, that’s a victory for the Filipino People. Ang Korte Suprema na lang ang natitirang insitusyon ng gobyerno na may kwenta.. Hindi ang Malakanyang, hindi ang Senado, hindi ang House of Representatives. Habang dineklarang “unconstitutional” ang CPR at dapat pairalin ang “maximum tolerance”, pinapa-alala rin na ang Tamang Lugar ng demonstrasyon, rallies at meetings ay sa “FREEDOM PARK” at mga “PLAZA”..o pwede rin naman sa ibang lugar basta may PERMIT.

Sana nga magtakda ng “Freedom Park” sa lahat ng siyudad sa Pilipinas sa loob ng anim na buwan. Same here Toro, I still believe the Supreme Court is our last hope in protecting our constitutional rights, civil liberties and rule of law.

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jinx

April 26th, 2006 at 11:15 am

26 April 2006

Yo!!! jester, its two down and one to go, after that, its bye-bye gloria, noli “KAYABANG” de castro and all her clowns, lalo na si “ZUL” gonzales.

Mike defensor claims its not a set back, what do you expect him to say, everything is under according to him, yeah under control by whom????definitely not them.

Its high time for snap election, its the only solution to the political impasse.

jinx

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Toro

April 26th, 2006 at 11:15 am

How right you are Joselu. I could not have said it bettter.

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tikboyblue

April 26th, 2006 at 11:41 am

Don’t rejoice, people! It’s only strike two. In baseball, it takes three strikes to declare a player out.

http://www.philippinepage.blogspot.com

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tikboyblue

April 26th, 2006 at 11:50 am

jinx,

snap election with abalos and his fellow commissioners around will not solve the political impasse. cheating will always exist; garcillanos and bellos will continue to operate; and glorias will win… or a new breed of them. and history will repeat itself and we will always be experiencing the same story again and again.

the best thing to do is to let the rule of law rule us first. and one by one, things will follow…

BUT: not the rule of law gloria in the palace advocates, and not her definition of “fair and square”.

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Manuel L. Quezon III » Pushing the envelope

April 26th, 2006 at 12:04 pm

[…] The PCIJ blog has a roundup of the decision, reactions, and what led to the policy. Edwin Lacierda says the decision raises some troubling questions, including, what happens to those arrested and charged due to invoking a policy that’s now declared unconstitutional? […]

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scud_1975

April 26th, 2006 at 12:28 pm

oops..30 days lang pala. If there’s no designated freedon park after the deadline, ok na siguro kahit saang parks and plazas. Wag lang makaharang sa kalsada.

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jinx

April 26th, 2006 at 12:35 pm

26 April 2006

Tikboy, what I meant was for all government officials, including elective and appointive (kasama COMELEC) to resign and have a snap election. In 1986, when marcos left the country, the bureaucracy did not stop, what with all the OICs appointed to run the government until a new government was established.

Perhaps, we have to wait for the decision of the SC regarding the PP1017, and after that, the government will be in a very shaky ground, that will force all of the elective and appointive officials to resign to give way for the snap election.

jinx

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pf_com

April 26th, 2006 at 12:50 pm

Thanks for your good ideas……. Mabuhay kayong Lahat!

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mang_doding

April 26th, 2006 at 1:15 pm

jester-in-exile said,
April 25, 2006 @ 7:09 pm

“Presidential chief of staff Michael Defensor has been quoted to have said the Palace does NOT see the ruling as ‘a total setback.’ ”

malacañang has mastered the art of orwellian doublespeak. perhaps, “a minor inconvenience” would be appropriate, eh mike?

Nice one jester…and if I may add, literally mike defensor mastered doublespeak kasi – MIMIYAK.

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atty-at-work

April 26th, 2006 at 1:35 pm

Calibrated Preemptive Response (CPR): The darkness that shrouds our freedom…

For this reason, the so-called calibrated preemptive response policy has no place in our legal firmament and must be struck down as a darkness that shrouds freedom.  It merely confuses our people and……

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Domingo Arong

April 26th, 2006 at 2:37 pm

But who will represent the unrepresented “right” of “Anak Pasahero” to be “punctual” (as in “observant of the appointed time; neither early nor late” in going to work or to school or to a funeral?)

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Domingo Arong

April 26th, 2006 at 2:58 pm

“… that will force all of the elective and appointive officials to resign to give way for the snap election”–jinx said.

Under one condition only–INELIGIBILITY OF ALL LOCAL AND NATIONAL ELECTIVE INCUMBENTS, including those who have ever been an ELECTIVE INCUMBENT (LOCAL OR NATIONAL since 1946), to run for any local or national elective office during the “snap election” and, more importantly, in all other elections to be called and held thereafter, and the ineligibility of the immediate family of all incumbents.

In short, ONE TERM/NO-RELECTION/NO DYNASTY/INELIGIBILITY OF INCUMBENTS

That should take care of how to effect a sought-for “drastic change” in the officers to run whatever form of government during every electoral exercise.

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Toro

April 26th, 2006 at 5:01 pm

At the height of the Garci tape scandal, I was one of the few who supported FVR’s proposal for all elected officials from President to barangay captain to resign and be replaced by new set of elected officals in June 2007. In spite of his promise to ban himself from seeking office just to assure doubting Thomases of his honest motives, unfortunately, his call was totally ignored. Now we’re wishing that should have been the thing to adopt. Wala, tapos na yon.

Snap election is wishful thinking. Gloria will never agree to it, she is under no obligation to do it, specially what with her unpopularity rating at 64 percent? Erap would love that and with the help of his dominating masa may even be reelected President.

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joselu

April 26th, 2006 at 5:23 pm

Toro, Erap is history, not to say Eraps presidency was the start of the downhill of our democracy.It was tragic that after FVR election was reduced to “popularity”.
Yes, it’s true, snap elections is wishful thinking.The sooner we get a hold of so much wishful thinking the sooner we can face our problems & issues squarely.

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noelet

April 26th, 2006 at 6:09 pm

my one question to you guys is this: after ruling on CPR as unconstitutional… what’s next? – a mumbo-jumbo about sec. 15? a victory party? or a cruel analogy of the supreme court killing us by surprise to rule favorable to people’s initiative? blahah?

the law is upheld. do not let it be trampled again.

we can march to any street as long as we give notice or application to our beloved mayors to assemble. if they so choose to reject the application, petitioners must be properly addressed to give its case.

this is the letters of BP 880. and the supreme court stressed as conclusion to its decision. the letters of the law must be followed.

as of now, even bunyeta is still warning the public against assembling. isn’t that a violation already?

http://lacierda.blogspot.com/

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Barako Café » Blog Archive » Not quite a win

April 26th, 2006 at 9:31 pm

[…] Vincula explains why the SC declaring CPR unconstitutional isn’t exactly a win. […]

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freewheel

April 26th, 2006 at 9:44 pm

small or partial or temporary, still it is victory- a victory for the filipino people;

let us keep it, a blessings gained from the endless struggles waged by our people;

while we savor this regained ‘freedom’, let us train our sights to the bigger things to come;

to SC, keep surprising us. we the doubting thomases, always welcome PLEASANT surprises. eventually, our victory is also yours for you have upheld a law -allowing citizens to seek redress and air grievances-a basic facility of democracy. you are fully aware as we are, that the way to this dreamed of egalitarian society is long and arduous- do not keep it longer by keeping the people in the dark as to what you are contemplating. and if i may add, dispose of the cases brought to your attention with vigor and appreciation of history.

the people or most of the people i know, have already withdrawn their trust to the executive and legislative branches, and lost respect to most constitutional bodies. your role as the final arbiter (not orbiter, as jester here, jestingly posits), hopefully will lead us to greater heights.

to Gabriela, Bayan, KMP, KMU and other petitioners : salamat po.

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jr_lad

April 26th, 2006 at 10:05 pm

tongue in, anew said, “I didn’t realize it has taken all six months to determine the constitutionality of CPR.”…

right tounge, such a long wait but quite a surprise and a welcomed one as freewheel commented. still gonzales and querol are saying that CPR is within BP 880. the SC’s decision will be tested this coming may 1. let’s see if the govt. is capable of following the law. let’s be vigilant as cautioned by noelet.

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baycas

April 27th, 2006 at 2:50 am

when i said in my post above, …another lesson in laws the SC gave to gloria and her legal eagles, i meant that the SC justices only gave the palace instructions (or lessons) on how to go about the following:

a. the congressional inquiries – so they may properly assert their inherent executive privilege as an excuse to non-disclosure of vital information (SC rule on eo464).
http://philippinecommentary.blogspot.com/2006/04/executive-privilege-covers-information.html

b. the rallies – so they may use the full force of bp880 (read: no permit, no rally) without having to name such action as the unconstitutional cpr.

—–

we’ve got to hand it to the wiliness (or foresight, more appropriate?) of the palace thinkers and lawyers…they purposely didn’t produce a written edict on the policy of cpr. as i have stated before:

CPR is nowhere to be found in BP 880…and malacañang is not issuing a “black & white” of the directive, just a press statement…“maingat ano?” will there be a legal implication on a mere press statement? all they will say is that they are just adhering to BP 880 as the implementing rules and regulations for one’s right to peacefully assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances…and CPR is just a term for that implementation???

and…

as far as i’m concerned, BP 880 cripples us because it can be interpreted and quoted by anyone just to suit his fancy http://www.pcij.org/blog/?p=445#comment-14424 .

of course, the arroyo government will still implement it the way they interpret it. it will also certainly be enforced to their advantage in the pretext of safety and convenience of the general public.

the SC should have strike down bp880 as unconstitutional in order for the petitioners to really rejoice right now. apparently, the SC stood in the middle now and will again sit down and wait until they are again prompted in the future…as i see it to be a near future.

the supreme court is, of course, the last orbiter…as in orbit: to run in circles around us!
http://www.pcij.org/blog/?p=848#comment-24108

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baycas

April 27th, 2006 at 2:51 am

associate justice adolf azcuna (i was careful in the z and the ss, mind you) failed to cite HECTOR S. RUIZ vs. RICHARD GORDON http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1983/dec1983/gr_l_65695_1983.html wherein the SC reaffirmed and reproduced the guidelines laid down in the JBL REYES vs. RAMON BAGATSING case (also cited in the present SC decision on cpr). then associate justice teehankee concurred and in his separate opinion spelled out the guidelines:

The Chief Justice’s opinion for the Court reaffirms and reproduces the guidelines in the J.B.L. Reyes vs. Bagatsing case (G.R. No. 65366, November 9, 1983) for the guidance of applicants for permit to hold peaceful assemblies in public places and of the licensing authorities, generally the city or town mayors. It stresses that the right to peacefully assemble, speak out freely and petition the government for redress of grievances should be accorded the utmost deference and respect and is not to be limited much less denied, except under the clear and present danger standard, i.e. there must be a clear showing of the “danger, of a character both grave and imminent, of a serious evil to public safety, public morals, public health, or any other legitimate public interest – a substantive evil that the State has a right to prevent (at paragraph 1)…

…The salient points of such guidelines need only be restated herein for the guidance of all concerned:

As stressed by the Chief Justice in the J. B. L. Reyes case, the presumption “must be to incline the weight of the scales of justice on the side of such right [of free speech and peaceful assembly, enjoying as they do precedence and primacy.”

The application should be filed ahead of time and the licensing authority should act promptly thereon and his decision, whether favorable or adverse, must be transmitted to the applicants at the earliest opportunity to give them time to go to court, if necessary.

It is an “indispensable condition to such refusal or modification [of the application] that the clear and present danger test be the standard for decision reached,” and if the licensing authority “is of the view that there is such an imminent and grave danger of a substantive evil, the applicants must be heard on the matter.”

The burden to show the existence of such grave and imminent danger that would justify an adverse action lies on the mayor as the licensing authority. There must be objective and convincing, not subjective or conjectural, proof of the existence of such clear and present danger. As the Court stated in its Resolution of October 25, 1983 in the J. B. L. Reyes case, “It is essential for the validity of a denial of a permit which amounts to a previous restraint or censorship that the licensing authority does not rely solely on his own appraisal of what public welfare, peace or safety may require. To justify such a limitation, there must be proof of such weight and sufficiency to satisfy the clear and present danger test. The possibility that subversives may infiltrate the ranks of the demonstrators is not enough.”

As likewise underscored in the J. B. L. Reyes case, the exercise of the right of peaceable assembly is not to be abridged on the plea that it may be exercised in some other place” (at paragraph 6) and “It is the duty of the city authorities to provide the proper police protection to those exercising their right to peaceable assembly and freedom of expression” (at paragraph 7)…

…As we stated in the J. B. L. Reyes case, “the leaders of the peaceable assembly should take all the necessary measures to ensure a peaceful march and assembly and to avoid the possibility of infiltrators and troublemakers disrupting the same, concomitantly with the duty of the police to extend protection to the participants ‘staying at a discreet distance, but ever ready and alert to perform their duty.”

the foregoing reiterations by j. teehankee are to obviate the need to eventually go to the courts – a wasteful legal exercise that is preventable if only the guidelines are to be followed.

lawyer jose c. sison in his keeps trouble away column said:

Reyes and Ruiz were decided at the height of the rallies and demonstrations during the Marcos era following the Ninoy Aquino assassination. And due to such rulings people enjoyed ample freedom in the exercise of this right even under an admittedly more repressive regime.

Compared to the present rallies, the rallies at that time were generally more peaceful and orderly. The reasons were obvious. The Mayors then invariably granted the permits, as a rule, cognizant of the settled doctrine that the power to issue permits should be used merely as means to regulate rather than a pretext to preclude the holding of rallies.

In fact the SC even observed in the Ruiz case following the Reyes ruling, that the then Mayor of Manila, Ramon Bagatsing, “granted all subsequent applications for such permits, ensuring only that there be no conflict in the scheduling of such assemblies and thereby eliminated the need for the applicant’s having to go to court”.

At present however, the Mayors apparently found more leeway in their licensing power under the Public Assembly Act (B.P. 880) passed by the Marcos Batasan in 1985. Under said act, permit is required for all rallies in public places except in designated freedom parks, in the campus of a government owned and operated educational institution, and of course in private places which only requires the owner’s permission.

While the Act provides that denial of the permit may be justified only upon clear and convincing evidence that the public assembly will create a clear and present danger to public order, safety, convenience, morals or health, it did not expressly place the burden on the licensing authority to submit such proof.

Hence, permits may be denied solely on the Mayor’s own appraisal of what public order, peace or safety may require, as what is happening now. Besides, B.P. 880 requires the mayors to designate within six months from its passage the freedom parks where rallies can be held. But up to now, nobody knows for sure where these freedom parks are. There is an area in front of Malacañang long known as “Freedom Park”, but who will believe that rallyists can assemble there…

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baycas

April 27th, 2006 at 2:53 am

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johnmarzan

April 27th, 2006 at 11:22 am

I hope Arroyo (and her allies) would finally give the anti-Arroyo groups her permission to allow them to hold protest rallies in mediola, in ayala ave. Makati and Edsa. Hindi naman kasi ito bawal nung panahon nina Erap, Ramos at Cory eh.

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johnmarzan

April 27th, 2006 at 11:27 am

I hope Arroyo (and her allies) would finally permit the anti-Arroyo groups to hold protest rallies in mediola, in ayala ave. Makati and Edsa. Hindi naman kasi ito bawal nung panahon nina Erap, Ramos at Cory eh.

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johnmarzan

April 27th, 2006 at 12:14 pm

http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/ht/ht005552.htm

MANILA, October 14, 2005

Hence, permits may be denied solely on the Mayor’s own appraisal of what public order, peace or safety may require, as what is happening now. Besides, B.P. 880 requires the mayors to designate within six months from its passage the freedom parks where rallies can be held. But up to now, nobody knows for sure where these freedom parks are. There is an area in front of Malacañang long known as “Freedom Park”, but who will believe that rallyists can assemble there…

well, isn’t that place called “freedom park”? hindi ba pwede doon?

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jr_lad

April 27th, 2006 at 3:53 pm

umpisa na ng pagkukundisyon sa utak ng mga tao para sa mayo uno. mukhang mag-aala proclamation 1071 na naman.
http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/topofthehour.aspx?StoryId=36935

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jester-in-exile

April 27th, 2006 at 4:11 pm

jr_lad,

scaring people away through the threat of a plaza miranda replay, the only difference being the communists for marcos’ excuse, islamic militants for gma’s?

what next, raul gonzales ambushed?

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mang_doding

April 27th, 2006 at 4:36 pm

jr_lad said,
April 27, 2006 @ 3:53 pm

umpisa na ng pagkukundisyon sa utak ng mga tao para sa mayo uno. mukhang mag-aala proclamation 1071 na naman.
http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/topofthehour.aspx?StoryId=36935

====================================================
who are you trying to fool senior superintendent asher “the passport guy” dolina?

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baycas

April 27th, 2006 at 5:33 pm

john, i heard atienza yesterday on radio, he jokingly said they have to rename that freedom park.

he also said there are three (3) existing freedom parks in Manila: Liwasang Bonifacio, Plaza Miranda, and another one in Moriones, Tondo. he particularly noted that Plaza Miranda is such a historical and traditional site for political gatherings (as he was once there during the bombings).

asked why was Mendiola bridge (also a historical and traditional site with Don Chino’s statue even erected there) now being banned as a rallying ground…he answered a repeat of the massacre and violent confrontations has to be prevented.

…happily reminiscing on the one hand (Plaza Miranda bombings) and sadly disregarding the memories on the other (Mendiola violence).

what do you doubly think, jester and jr_lad, from yet another doublespeak? is atienza really one of george orwell fans?

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jester-in-exile

April 27th, 2006 at 5:38 pm

atienza has this wonderful ability to make two conflicting statements and pass it off as his position on an issue.

would that he’d be consistent for once.

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freewheel

April 27th, 2006 at 6:43 pm

to SC (an addendum, partial);

see now, even baycas,- who could have been your ‘amicus curiae’ is apparently not happy (to put it mildly) with your decision. many of my friends too, were quite appalled by what it seems your “orbital” stance or should i say, dance. please mind your steps…

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baycas

April 27th, 2006 at 7:06 pm

what next, raul gonzales ambushed?

jester, he got bombed already! type “sira ulo” as google search query.
http://youngradicals.blogspot.com/2005/11/google-bombers-attack-arroyo-website.html

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noelet

April 27th, 2006 at 8:42 pm

where will they be when they’re power ends?

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jr_lad

April 27th, 2006 at 8:50 pm

i fully agree with baycas. BP 880 should be repealed, although i believe it is for the people’s protection while exercising their rights to hold peacful assemblies and not for the police. it’s just confusing the people. correction: a tool used by the govt to confuse the people.

baycas, here’s a breather for you.

this riddle below is suited for raul gonzales. :)

he who makes it, doesn’t want it.
he who buys it, doesn’t need it.
he who has it, doesn’t know it.
what is it?

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scud_1975

April 27th, 2006 at 9:06 pm

Baka pwede pakisama na rin sa panawagan sa Kongreso ang repeal ng Presidential Decree 1850, panahon pa ni Marcos ito. Para naman to sa AFP at sa mga human rights victims.

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noelet

April 27th, 2006 at 9:08 pm

repeal is really an option but is a long shot solution for now.

supreme court had ruled already. i wish petitioners would file another motion for clarification as to the role of the pnp on the previous violent dispersals of peaceful assemblies.

the court must issue a ruling on these to teach those moronic pnp superintendents that they are obviously following a malacanan-polluted interpretation of bp 880.

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baycas

April 27th, 2006 at 9:23 pm

he who sells it, doesn’t use it too.

jr_lad, with cremation becoming widespread nowadays and more columbariums are being built:

he who makes it, now rents it out!
http://www.better-together.co.uk/images/coffin-170.gif

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jr_lad

April 27th, 2006 at 9:39 pm

right baycas, outmoded na nga pala. :). yes, i prefer columbarium too.

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INSIDE PCIJ: Stories behind our stories » Cha-cha won’t happen this year — Fr. Bernas

April 28th, 2006 at 1:34 pm

[…] On April 20, the Supreme Court partially voided EO 464, issued by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo September last year clipping the powers of Congress to summon executive officials to its inquiries. Five days after, the Court issued its opinion on the administration’s policy on rallies, saying CPR has no place in the country’s “legal firmament” and should not be used to abuse government’s authority to regulate assemblies. […]

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lokalokang matino

April 28th, 2006 at 11:10 pm

As usual the arroyo gang had an entirely different interpretation of the SC ruling.

So where do we go from here?
Our country is in deep terrible mess.
Who is going to put the house in order?
Total cleansing and overhauling of the entire government system is a must!!!
It’s now or never. The current administrators are selfserving lot.
Let us put an end to this day and nightmares !!!!!!!!!!!
INFLUENTIAL INDIVIDUALS WAKE UP!!!!

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lokalokang matino

April 28th, 2006 at 11:24 pm

QUEROL talks and speaks the language of gloria arroyo. Of course, when Querol retires, even before he can shake his last well wisher, he can choose to head either the NBI or the Customs. Do you realize now why only OICs heads these offices?
It will be a never ending bayad utang, who cares if all government institutions
are compromise?

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jr_lad

April 29th, 2006 at 12:36 pm

jester-in-exile said,
April 27, 2006 @ 4:11 pm

jr_lad,

scaring people away through the threat of a plaza miranda replay, the only difference being the communists for marcos’ excuse, islamic militants for gma’s?

what next, raul gonzales ambushed?

jester,

they should make it more convincing and original this time. stage a real ambush and sacrifice gonzales. the’yll surely get the people’s attention. what do you think? hero pa si injustice gonzales. :)

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tongue in, anew

April 30th, 2006 at 4:45 am

Wait guys. They’re not accepting volunteer-assassins yet! Sa dami ng gustong pumila, dapat ipa-raffle yan!

Or ipa-contest kaya! Yung may pinaka-creative and original na scheme will be chosen to finally put Gonzales out of his misery. Consolation prizes: 1st runner-up, will snuff Mike D out, 2nd runner-up, Bunye.

Everybody is qualified including relatives up to the first degree of consanguinity or affinity. Deadline for submission of entries June 12, 2006,

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INSIDE PCIJ: Stories behind our stories » Mendiola declared no-rally zone; Protesters vow to defy order

May 1st, 2006 at 1:34 pm

[…] “The rally in Mendiola is not against the rule of law,” Colmenares said. “It’s a constitutional right.” He added that PNP’s prohibition was in contempt of the Supreme Court’s recent ruling on the Calibrated Preemptive Response policy. The High court on April 25 declared the CPR policy as unconstitutional. Under the CPR, rallies without permits could be broken up and “unruly” protesters, arrested. The policy was issued by Malacañang in September last year, following a series of anti-government protests. […]

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INSIDE PCIJ: Stories behind our stories » Arroyo deliberately cheated her way to the presidency, must vacate post to face charges — Citizens’ Congress

May 10th, 2006 at 11:27 am

[…] the twin acts of cover-up and state repression to counter allegations of crimes committed by Arroyo and challenges to her mandate and legitimacy, citing more summary executions and arrests of political dissenters, the violent dispersal of rallies through the Calibrated Preemptive Response (CPR) rule, the withholding of information from congressional investigations through Executive Order No. 464, and a crackdown on her critics through the imposition of emergency rule under Presidential Proclamation No. 1017. […]

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INSIDE PCIJ: Stories behind our stories » Liberty and prosperity should blossom hand in hand — Chief Justice

May 18th, 2006 at 5:47 pm

[…] The chief justice referred to three recent decisions issued by the Supreme Court in the last month: invalidating major provisions of Executive Order No. 464; upholding the people’s right to peaceably assemble and seek redress for grievances and shooting down the government’s Calibrated Preemptive Response policy; and upholding the civil liberties of the people under a state of national emergency, as issued through Presidential Proclamation 1017. […]

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Barako Café » Blog Archive » Unconstitutional, too

May 19th, 2006 at 3:52 pm

[…] Kudos again to the SC for declaring GMA’s CPR unconstitutional […]

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INSIDE PCIJ: Stories behind our stories » Anti-Arroyo groups brace for new impeachment bid

June 20th, 2006 at 4:47 pm

[…] On the first charge, the groups say Arroyo resorted to “dictatorial powers” when she issued Executive Order 464. Moreover, they say, the President “trampled upon Constitutionally protected rights such as the freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and the right to peaceful assembly” by issuing the Calibrated Preemptive Response policy and Presidential Proclamation 1017. […]

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The Daily PCIJ » Blog Archive » Invoking the rule of law

November 29th, 2007 at 8:12 pm

[…] The Supreme Court declared the government’s policy of Calibrated Preemptive Response unconstitutional, rendered Macapagal-Arroyo’s Executive Order 464 partially void, along with Presidential […]

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